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What does ambiguity refer to in immunology?

Recognition of a single antigen by multiple antibodies

Recognition of multiple antigens by the same antibody

In immunology, ambiguity refers to the phenomenon where the same antibody is capable of recognizing and binding to multiple different antigens. This is particularly relevant in situations where structural similarities exist among various antigens, allowing the same antibody to engage with more than one target. The ability of an antibody to recognize multiple antigens can lead to challenges in specificity, as it may bind to unintended targets, complicating diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Recognition of a single antigen by multiple antibodies is a common and expected feature of the immune response, as it ensures a robust defense against pathogens. Cross-reactivity between antibodies also emphasizes the idea of overlapping recognition, but it pertains to the interaction between different antibodies and antigens rather than the action of a singular antibody. A clear identification of specific antibodies does not relate to ambiguity, as it implies precision rather than the multifaceted recognition characteristic of ambiguous interactions. Thus, the correct choice highlights a key concept in immunological specificity and the nuanced behavior of antibodies in the immune system.

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Cross-reactivity between antibodies

Clear identification of specific antibodies

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